AR

Tree disease & prevention guide from Mockingbird Tree Care

This is the Mockingbird Tree Care guide on tree disease and prevention. As a homeowner, it’s important to keep the trees around your home healthy and thriving. In this guide we’ll cover common tree diseases, how to prevent them, signs of a sick tree, the importance of regular maintenance, and answer some frequently asked questions about maintaining healthy trees.

Common tree disease and how to prevent them

There are many common tree diseases that can affect the trees around your home. From bark damage and cankers to fungal tree diseases to bacterial infections, many (if not most) tree diseases can be prevented or at least taken care of with the right knowledge. Here are a few common tree diseases that you may encounter in Arkansas and surrounding areas.

Common tree diseases

Foliage disease

Pines

• Needle Rust
• Needle Casts
• Needle Blights

Hardwoods

• Anthracnose
• Rust
• Leaf Spots
• Tar Spot
• Powdery Mildew
• Leaf Blister

Stem disease

Pine

• Rusts

Hardwood

• Black Knot
• Cankers
• Decays
• Wilts

Root Disease

Pine

• Annosum Root Rot
• Loblolly Pine Decline
• Littleleaf Disease

Hardwoods

• Root Rots

» Contact Mockingbird Tree Care for a professional evaluation

Fungal tree diseases

Anthracnose and Leaf Spot, Powdery Mildew, and Root Rot are common fungal diseases that can affect trees.

Anthracnose and Leaf Spot: This can cause brown or black spots on leaves

Powdery Mildew: This appears as a white powdery substance on the leaves.

Root Rot: Root rot is caused by fungi in the soil that attack the roots of trees, causing them to decay.

These diseases can be identified through their symptoms such as leaf discoloration, wilting or bark cracking.

What you need to know

Bark damage from animals or lawnmowers provides an entry point for fungal spores to infect your tree’s tissues leading to these three diseases. Infected buds are also often culprits since they become discolored and fail to produce new needles or leaves resulting in weakened branches. Causes of these infections include environmental conditions such as dampness which favors fungal growth; hence regular pruning helps improve air circulation reducing moisture retention around your tree ensuring good health.

» Contact Mockingbird Tree Care for a professional evaluation

Bacterial tree disease

Fire blight, cankers, and leaf scorch are common bacterial diseases that affect trees.

Fire blight: This often causes wilting and blackening of leaves, as well as a “shepherd’s crook” appearance on branches.

Cankers: Cankers appear as sunken areas on bark or stems and can cause dieback in the affected area.

Leaf scorch: This is characterized by browned or wilted leaves due to water stress caused by bacteria inhibiting water uptake through the roots.

All of these diseases are usually caused by bacteria entering through wounds in the bark or bud scars.

What you need to know

Prevention is key when it comes to bacterial tree diseases. Keeping your trees healthy with regular maintenance such as pruning dead wood, providing proper fertilization and soil care, avoiding overwatering or underwatering, and limiting damage to bark from mowers or other tools can all help prevent infection.

If you notice signs of disease such as wilting leaves or sunken areas on the bark, contact a professional arborist for diagnosis and treatment options before it spreads further into your tree canopy.

» Contact Mockingbird Tree Care for a professional evaluation

Viral tree disease

Viral diseases can pose a serious threat to your trees, especially if left unaddressed.

Leaf Curl Virus: Affects the leaves of fruit-bearing trees and causes them to curl.

Mosaic Virus: This damages the bark and buds of young trees.

Yellow Dwarf Virus: Stunts growth and causes yellowing of leaves.

These viruses are usually transmitted by insects or through contaminated equipment.

What you need to know

The causes behind these viral diseases vary but prevention is key in keeping your trees healthy. Proper tree maintenance such as regular pruning and cleaning up debris can prevent the spread of viruses. Additionally, using disease-resistant varieties when planting new trees is also recommended for homeowners looking to keep their gardens free from viral infections.

Preventative measures

Regular pruning of trees is an effective way to prevent the spread of fungal and bacterial diseases. Infected branches should be removed as soon as possible, by cutting them off from the trunk or main stem. This will stop the disease from spreading further into healthy parts of the tree, such as its bark or buds.

Overwatering your trees can cause their roots to rot and attract harmful bacteria that may lead to infection. To avoid this problem, ensure that you water your trees only when necessary and in moderation.

Fertilizing regularly helps strengthen a tree’s overall health, making it more resistant to various diseases caused by fungi or bacteria. It ensures that they have enough nutrients for growth while also improving soil quality so they can absorb more nutrients over time.

Signs of a sick tree

A sick tree can be easily recognized by certain visual indicators. If you notice:

• Discolored or wilted leaves
• Dead branches
• Cracks in the bark
• Changes in growth patterns
• A tree is growing at an abnormal pace or producing fewer leaves and flowers

Any of these might indicate a problem with your tree’s health. Keep an eye out for any signs of decay so that you can take action before the issue worsens. Make sure to monitor your trees regularly for any changes in growth and seek professional help if necessary to prevent further damage.

Visual indicators & what they mean

When it comes to identifying tree diseases, visual indicators are crucial.

If you notice yellowing or browning of leaves, it could be a sign of nutrient deficiency or leaf spot disease.

Wilting or drooping branches may indicate root rot caused by over-watering, while cracks, cankers, or lesions on the trunk and branches could signify fungal infections.

Ignoring these visual indicators can result in further damage to your trees and potentially spread the disease to neighboring plants.

Changes in growth

Stunted growth compared to normal development for the species can be a sign of tree disease. If you notice that your tree is not reaching its expected height or width, it could indicate an underlying issue. Additionally, unusual swelling at the base of the tree (at soil line) may be indicative of root rot or other diseases affecting the roots.

Excessive shedding of leaves and/or dead twigs can also signal a problem with your tree’s health. While some leaf loss is natural, if you notice an excessive amount or see dead twigs falling from your trees regularly, it may be time to call in a professional arborist to diagnose and treat any potential issues before they worsen.

Environmental stressors

Lack of water due to drought conditions can be a major stressor for trees, especially during the hot summer months. Without enough water, trees are unable to access vital nutrients and may become weakened or even die off completely.

Frost damage resulting in blackened/brown foliage or bark shelling off is another environmental stressor that can harm trees. This type of damage often occurs during winter months when temperatures drop suddenly below freezing, causing ice crystals to form within the tree’s tissues and damaging them from the inside out.

Heavy metal toxicity from contaminated soil affecting leaf coloration is yet another factor homeowners need to consider. Trees growing in soil contaminated with heavy metals such as lead or arsenic may exhibit stunted growth, yellowing leaves or other signs of poor health that make it difficult for them to thrive over time.

Tree fertilization and soil care

Maintaining the health of your trees requires proper fertilization and soil care. Understanding the nutrient needs and types of fertilizers that are best for your trees is crucial. Regular soil testing can help you identify any deficiencies and ensure that your trees receive the necessary nutrients to thrive.

A healthy tree not only adds beauty to your property but also provides numerous benefits such as shade, improved air quality, and reduced energy costs. By investing in regular tree maintenance, including fertilization and soil care, you can prevent diseases from taking hold and keep your trees healthy for years to come.

Understanding nutrient needs

Knowing your tree species is essential in understanding its nutrient needs. Different trees require different types and amounts of nutrients to thrive. Common nutrient deficiencies in trees include nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, iron, and magnesium. Symptoms of a nutrient deficiency in trees can vary from yellowing leaves to stunted growth or even death if left untreated. It’s important to identify these symptoms early on and take action by providing the appropriate nutrients through fertilization or soil amendments.

Types of fertilizers

When it comes to fertilizing your trees, there are a variety of options available. Understanding the types of fertilizers and which one is best for your tree’s specific needs can help improve its overall health and prevent disease.

• Organic vs. synthetic fertilizers: Organic fertilizers are made from natural materials while synthetic ones are chemically produced.
• Slow-release vs. quick-release fertilizers: Slow-release fertilizers deliver nutrients to plants over an extended period while quick-release ones provide them immediately.
• The best fertilizer for your specific tree’s needs: Consider the type of soil, climate conditions, and any existing nutrient deficiencies when choosing a fertilizer for optimal results.

Soil testing

Before fertilizing your trees, it’s important to conduct soil testing to determine which nutrients are lacking in the soil. This will help you avoid over-fertilizing and potentially harming your trees. There are different types of soil tests available, such as pH testing and nutrient analysis, each offering unique benefits for understanding the state of your soil.

Interpreting the results of your soil test is crucial for taking action accordingly. Depending on the deficiencies found in your soil, you can adjust the type or amount of fertilizer used or consider other options such as improving drainage or aerating the soil. Properly interpreting these results can help ensure that you’re providing optimal care for your trees while also avoiding any potential negative impacts on their health.

• Why conducting a soil test is important before fertilization
• Types of available tests – pH testing and nutrient analysis
• Benefits from conducting a thorough test
• How to interpret the results appropriately

Importance of regular tree maintenance

Regular tree maintenance is crucial for the health and longevity of your trees. Neglecting to prune or trim your trees can lead to overgrowth, weakened branches, and an increased risk of disease. By scheduling routine tree maintenance services, you can ensure that your trees remain healthy and strong.

In addition to preventing disease and preserving the structural integrity of your trees, regular maintenance also enhances their overall appearance. Trimming away dead or diseased branches not only promotes growth but also improves aesthetics. Plus, a well-maintained tree can increase curb appeal and even boost property value. Don’t overlook the importance of regular tree maintenance – it’s worth the investment in both time and money.

Pruning and trimming

Regular pruning and trimming are crucial for maintaining the health of your trees. Proper pruning techniques help to remove diseased or damaged branches, improving air circulation and allowing more sunlight into the canopy. This promotes healthy growth and reduces the risk of tree disease.

When it comes to trimming your trees, timing is everything. Pruning during dormancy in late fall or winter is ideal as it allows for easier access to branches, and there’s less stress on the tree during this time. However, certain species may require specific schedules.

Proper pruning techniques are essential for preventing damage to your trees while removing dead or diseased limbs effectively.

• Remove broken, dying or dead branches first
• Cut just outside branch collar (the raised bump where a branch emerges) when making cuts
• Don’t cut too close to main stem/trunk
• Trim back lateral branches that cross over each other

Your local tree care professional can advise you on the best way to care for the trees around your home in terms of pruning.

Tree inspection

Inspecting your trees regularly is a crucial step towards ensuring they remain healthy and free from disease or infestations. But why should you inspect your trees in the first place? Regular inspections can help identify potential problems early on, giving you more time to address them before they become too severe.

Knowing the signs of tree disease or infestation is key during an inspection. Look out for discolored leaves, dead branches or patches of bark falling off as these could be indicators that something is not quite right with your tree’s health. When performing a tree inspection, it’s important to pay attention to every detail and examine all parts of the trunk and canopy carefully.

Professional maintenance services

When it comes to professional tree maintenance services, there are a few key things you should expect. This includes regular pruning and trimming to promote healthy growth, as well as thorough inspections to catch any potential problems early on. Additionally, professional arborists can provide specialized care such as fertilization and soil management to keep your trees thriving.

The benefits of hiring a professional tree service company go beyond just ensuring the health of your trees. With their expertise, they can also help prevent damage or injury caused by dead or falling branches. Choosing the right company is important too – make sure they have proper certification and insurance before allowing them to work on your property.

FAQ about tree health and maintenance

Maintaining tree health is essential to keep your landscape looking beautiful and to prevent the spread of diseases. It’s important to water your trees regularly, but how often you should do it depends on various factors like weather conditions, soil type, and species of the tree. In general, you should aim for deep watering once a week during dry spells.

While some tree maintenance tasks can be done by homeowners themselves such as pruning small branches or removing dead leaves, calling in a professional arborist is recommended when dealing with larger tasks like planting new trees or diagnosing and treating sick trees. An experienced arborist will have the skills and equipment necessary to perform these jobs safely and effectively while ensuring that your trees remain healthy for years to come.

What are some common tree diseases?

There are several common tree diseases that homeowners should be aware of. Some of these include:

1. Dutch Elm Disease: This fungal disease affects elm trees and can cause wilting, yellowing, and death of the tree.

2. Oak Wilt: Another fungal disease, oak wilt affects oak trees and can cause sudden wilting and death of the tree.

3. Anthracnose: This fungal disease affects a variety of trees, including maple and oak, and can cause leaf spots, defoliation, and twig dieback.

4. Cedar Rust: Cedar rust is a fungal disease that affects cedar trees and can cause yellowing and premature drop of leaves.

5. Sudden Oak Death: This disease affects oak trees and can cause rapid death of the tree, often within a few weeks.

Preventing these diseases involves a combination of proper tree care, such as regular pruning and fertilization, and early detection and treatment of any signs of illness.

How can I identify a tree disease?

There are several signs that indicate a tree may be diseased. These include:

1. Discolored or wilting leaves – If the leaves on your tree are turning brown, yellow, or black and falling off, it could be a sign of disease.

2. Cracks or cankers on the trunk – If you notice any cracks or cankers on the trunk of your tree, it could be a sign of a fungal or bacterial infection.

3. Fungus or mushrooms growing around the base of the tree – If you see any fungus or mushrooms growing around the base of your tree, it could be a sign of root rot or other fungal infections.

4. Dead or dying branches – If you notice any dead or dying branches on your tree, it could be a sign of disease.

If you notice any of these signs, it’s important to have your tree inspected by a professional arborist as soon as possible. They can help you identify the specific disease and recommend the best course of action to treat it.

What preventative measures can I take to protect trees from diseases?

There are several preventative measures that you can take to protect your trees from diseases. Here are some tips to keep in mind:

1. Plant disease-resistant trees: One of the easiest ways to prevent tree diseases is to choose tree species that are resistant to common diseases in your area.

2. Avoid injuring the tree: Be careful not to damage the tree’s bark or branches when mowing, pruning or trimming. Wounds can provide an entry point for disease-causing organisms.

3. Keep trees healthy: A healthy tree is less likely to succumb to diseases. Make sure your trees are properly watered and fertilized, and that the soil around them is healthy and nutrient-rich.

4. Prune trees regularly: Regular pruning can help remove dead or diseased branches before the infection spreads.

5. Monitor trees for signs of disease: Keep an eye out for any unusual changes in your trees’ appearance, such as yellowing leaves, wilting, or unusual growths. Catching a disease early can make it easier to treat.

Remember, prevention is key when it comes to tree diseases. By taking these simple steps, you can help keep your trees healthy and vibrant for years to come!

What environmental factors contribute to tree disease?

There are several environmental factors that can contribute to tree disease. One of the most common is lack of proper sunlight, as trees need sunlight to create energy and fight off disease. Additionally, poor soil quality, pathogens in the soil or air, and improper watering can lead to weakened trees that are more susceptible to disease. Other factors, such as insect infestations, extreme weather conditions, and pollution, can also play a role in tree disease. It’s important to monitor your trees regularly and address any issues before they become serious problems. Regular tree maintenance, including fertilization and soil care, can also help to prevent disease and keep your trees healthy.

What types of trees are most vulnerable to disease?

Some types of trees are more vulnerable to disease than others. For example, fruit trees like apple, cherry, and pear are often targeted by fungal infections and insect pests. Ash trees are susceptible to a deadly disease called emerald ash borer, while oak trees can contract oak wilt. Other trees that are commonly affected by diseases include dogwood, maple, and pine. However, it’s important to note that any tree can become sick if it’s not properly cared for. Identification of trees that may be more susceptible than others to disease is something you can talk to your tree care professional about. Regular maintenance and proper planting techniques can go a long way in preventing disease in all types of trees.

How often should I water my trees?

Understanding the soil type and drainage system of your yard is crucial when determining how often to water your trees. Different tree species have varying watering needs, so it’s also important to identify their age and species. Checking for signs of overwatering or underwatering, such as yellow leaves or wilting, can indicate if adjustments need to be made in your watering routine. Keeping an eye on these factors will help ensure that you are appropriately maintaining the health and longevity of your trees.

What are the most effective treatments for tree disease?

The most effective treatments for tree diseases vary depending on the specific disease and the severity of the infection. In many cases, prevention is the best approach, which can include regular inspections and proper care of the tree’s soil and environment. However, if a tree does become sick, treatments may include pruning affected limbs, applying fungicides, and improving soil fertility. In some cases, it may be necessary to remove the tree entirely to prevent the spread of the disease to nearby trees. It’s important to consult with a professional arborist to determine the best course of action for treating a sick tree.

What should I do if I suspect a tree is infected with a disease?

If you suspect that a tree is infected with a disease, it’s important to take action right away. The first step is to identify the problem by looking for any visible signs of illness, such as discoloration, dead branches, or unusual growth patterns. You can also consult a professional arborist for a diagnosis.

Once you have identified the problem, you should take steps to prevent the disease from spreading to other trees. This may involve removing infected branches or even the entire tree, depending on the severity of the infection. It’s also important to practice good tree care habits, such as proper watering and fertilization, to help keep your trees healthy and resistant to disease in the future.

If you’re not sure how to handle a suspected tree disease, don’t hesitate to reach out to a professional for guidance. They can provide expert advice on how to protect your trees and keep them healthy for years to come.

When should I call a tree professional?

If you notice any signs of disease or pest infestation on your trees, it’s important to call a tree professional right away. These issues can quickly spread and damage the health of your tree and potentially other trees in the area. A professional arborist will be able to diagnose the problem and recommend the best course of action to treat it.

After a severe weather event that may have damaged branches or uprooted the tree, it’s also wise to call a tree professional for an assessment. Even if there are no visible signs of damage, internal structural damage could compromise the stability of your tree over time. A professional can determine whether pruning is necessary or if removal is required for safety reasons.

When planning to prune large branches or remove a whole tree, calling in an expert is strongly advised as both tasks require specialized equipment and knowledge. Attempting these tasks on your own could result in injury or further damage to surrounding property. By hiring a certified arborist, you’ll have peace of mind knowing that they will take care of everything safely and efficiently while following industry standards.

Can I do my own maintenance to prevent tree disease?

Performing regular inspections and cleaning debris around the base of the tree is a simple task that homeowners can do to keep their trees healthy. This helps prevent pests and disease from taking hold. Trimming small branches with pruning shears is also manageable for DIY maintenance, but larger branches should be handled by professionals with proper equipment. Additionally, applying mulch around young trees during dry spells can help retain moisture in the soil, promoting healthy growth for your trees.

Sources:

Common Forest Disease Problems, University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension, https://www.uaex.uada.edu/environment-nature/forestry/health/disease-problems.aspx

Forest insect & Disease, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, https://www.fs.usda.gov/foresthealth/docs/fidls/FIDL-133-AnthracnoseHardwoods.pdf

Melampsora Rusts, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, https://www.uaex.uada.edu/environment-nature/forestry/health/stelprdb5349655.pdf

Maple Tar Spots, Diagnostic Facts, Diagnostic Services Michigan State University, https://www.uaex.uada.edu/environment-nature/forestry/health/tarspot_new.pdf

Powdery Mildew on Trees and Shrubs, University of Minnesota Extension, https://extension.umn.edu/plant-diseases/powdery-mildew-trees-and-shrubs

Ten Easy Ways to Kill a Tree, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Research & Extension, https://www.uaex.uada.edu/environment-nature/forestry/health/FSA-5011.pdf

Hypoxylon Canker of Hardwood Shade Trees, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Research & Extension, https://www.uaex.uada.edu/environment-nature/forestry/health/FSA-7557.pdf

Wounds and Wood Decay of Trees, University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, https://www.uaex.uada.edu/environment-nature/forestry/health/PPFS-OR-W-1.pdf

Root and Butt Rot Pathogens of Oak (Quercus spp.), Center for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, UMass Extension Landscape, Nursery and Urban Forestry Program, https://ag.umass.edu/landscape/fact-sheets/root-butt-rot-pathogens-of-oak-quercus-spp